Abstract: Based on the principle of load frequency control in traditional power grid systems, this study analyzes the basic principle of battery energy storage systems (BESS) participating in load frequency control. It constructs transfer function models for the governor, steam turbine, generator-load, and BESS, and establishes a dynamic response model for BESS participation in frequency regulation. Considering the characteristics of BESS, the model is appropriately simplified, and a two-layer distributed control strategy for grid load frequency control is proposed based on battery protection requirements. This strategy ensures that the state of charge (SOC) of the participating battery systems remains within a reasonable range while optimizing the calculation of the output power for each battery system. The model is simulated using Simulink. The results show that, compared to systems without BESS participation, the model with battery storage systems in the regulation process exhibits smooth output, a significant reduction in frequency regulation deviation, and a notable shortening of regulation time under step load disturbances.