Abstract: The continuous increase in new energy installations and the rise in grid faults pose new challenges to power system relay protection. This paper discusses the impact of high - proportion new energy access on power system relay protection from three aspects: transient characteristic changes, increased grid vulnerability, and variable operation modes. It also elaborates on solutions, such as using big data technology to identify fault characteristics, developing new relay protection technologies based on characteristic indicators, and creating substation - based protection with data interaction between stations as a key technology.